The Most Common Signs to Identify Basal Cell Carcinoma and Not Neglect Your Health
How to Recognize Basal Cell Carcinoma - A Subtle Enemy That Demands Attention
Each of us has some mole, spot, or small lesion on our body that we might not even notice. Sometimes it's just a harmless freckle, other times it's a result of aging or sun exposure. But what if something more serious is lurking behind that inconspicuous spot? Basal cell carcinoma, or basal cell cancer, is the most common form of skin cancer and, despite its slow growth and low tendency to metastasize, shouldn't be underestimated.
What is Basal Cell Carcinoma and Why Pay Attention to It
Basal cell carcinoma arises from the basal cells of the skin, which are located in the bottom layer of the epidermis. This type of tumor is considered less aggressive than other skin diseases, such as melanoma, but if not diagnosed and removed in time, it can gradually infiltrate deeper structures—including cartilage, muscles, and bones. Thousands of patients are diagnosed with it annually in the Czech Republic, with its incidence continuing to rise. According to data from the Czech Dermatology Society, basal cell carcinoma appears in every third Czech over the age of 60.
There are several causes for its development, but the main culprit is solar radiation. UV rays disrupt the DNA of skin cells, which can lead to their uncontrolled growth. Risk factors include intense sun exposure, frequent sunburns in youth, a fair skin type, as well as genetic predispositions or a weakened immune system. The occurrence of basal cell carcinoma is more common in people with fair skin, blue eyes, and blonde or red hair, that is, those who burn easily in the sun.
How to Recognize Basal Cell Carcinoma - Signals Not to Overlook
It's no coincidence that basal cell carcinoma is often referred to as a "silent killer." Most people initially don't notice it at all. It may not hurt, cause itching, and can be very inconspicuous. That's why it's important to know what it looks like and how it may manifest.
The most common form is a smooth, shiny, pearly-colored nodule with dilated blood vessels on the surface. It appears most frequently on the face—nose, cheeks, forehead, or around the ears. However, it can also develop on the neck, chest, or back, areas exposed to the sun. Gradually, it may grow, peel, bleed, or form an ulcer that doesn't heal.
Other forms may resemble a scar, pigmented spot, or flat, scaly lesion. This diversity in appearance is deceptive—people often mistake basal cell carcinoma for a simple eczema, wart, or age spot.
How to recognize basal cell carcinoma? The following signs may help:
- Shiny, pearly, or pink bump or nodule
- Slowly growing lesion that doesn't heal
- Bleeding without an apparent cause
- Scaling, peeling, or ulcerated appearance
- Visible blood vessels on the surface
- Scar without previous injury
A typical example might be the experience of Mr. Karel, a 60-year-old gardener from Central Bohemia, who noticed a small pinkish bump on the bridge of his nose. He didn't pay it much attention, thinking it was a broken capillary or irritation from glasses. It wasn't until the lesion began bleeding and growing over several months that he sought a dermatologist. The diagnosis? Basal cell carcinoma, fortunately caught in time and successfully removed with surgery.
Diagnosis and Treatment - The Sooner, the Better
Once you suspect an unusual lesion on your skin, it's advisable to consult a dermatologist. The dermatologist will conduct an examination using a dermatoscope, a special device that allows magnification and detailed visualization of skin structures. In some cases, a tissue sample (biopsy) may be taken for histological examination.
Treatment of basal cell carcinoma depends on its size, location, and type. The most common method is surgical removal, which is often very successful. If the tumor is small and superficial, methods such as curettage combined with electrocoagulation, cryotherapy (freezing with liquid nitrogen), or local chemotherapy—usually in the form of a cream with an active ingredient—may be used. In some hard-to-reach or advanced tumors, radiation or modern photodynamic therapy is used.
The key is that the earlier basal cell carcinoma is detected, the higher the chance of complete cure without the need for more complex procedures or the risk of recurrence. Doctors therefore recommend regular self-examinations of the skin and annual check-ups with a dermatologist, especially after the age of 40 or for individuals with risk factors.
Prevention - A Healthy Approach to Sun and Skin
UV exposure—both natural and artificial—plays a crucial role in the occurrence of basal cell carcinoma. Proper prevention starts with sun-related habits. Using quality sunscreen with a high UV factor (preferably SPF 30 and above), wearing hats, sunglasses, and protective clothing should be a given not only in summer but also during winter mountain trips.
It's advisable to limit prolonged sun exposure around noon when UV intensity is highest. For outdoor work, it's good to take regular breaks in the shade and keep the skin hydrated.
Try our natural products
We should not underestimate the environment we live in. People who prefer natural cosmetics and an eco-friendly home often have an interest in preventing lifestyle diseases. Choosing products free from unnecessary chemicals, with gentle formulations for the skin and the environment, can be another piece of the health care puzzle.
Interestingly, some studies highlight potential links between lifestyle and skin health. For example, a diet rich in antioxidants (vitamin C, E, selenium, zinc), limiting alcohol and smoking, and regular exercise in fresh air can help the body better resist cell damage.
As renowned Czech dermatologist MUDr. Petr Arenberger says: "The skin remembers everything. Every burn, every overdone sunbathing can come back to haunt us."
Don't Wait for Warning Signs
Basal cell carcinoma is not a disease that "doesn't concern us." On the contrary—given its prevalence, subtlety, and connection to everyday habits, it can affect almost anyone. Early recognition is key. Any skin change lasting more than three weeks, bleeding, not healing, or changing shape or color deserves a doctor's attention.
Skin care isn't just about aesthetics but primarily about health. Whether it's regular application of natural creams, gentle hygiene, or sun protection, it's a step in the right direction. Combined with awareness and timely response to suspicious manifestations, we can reduce the risk of disease and, if necessary, ensure quick and effective treatment.
Healthy skin is a mirror of overall health. And although one small nodule may seem insignificant, it can be the beginning of a big story—one better written with an ending that remains without consequences.
